[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/tradice-drevenych-betlemu-je-stara-vice-nez-700-let\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/tradice-drevenych-betlemu-je-stara-vice-nez-700-let\/","headline":"Tradice d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f je star\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 let","name":"Tradice d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f je star\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 let","description":"Prvn\u00ed betl\u00e9m spat\u0159il sv\u011btlo sv\u011bta podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch domn\u011bnek v roce 1223, vystav\u011bl jej \u00fadajn\u011b Franti\u0161ek z Asisi nedaleko m\u011bsta Greccio ve st\u0159edn\u00ed It\u00e1lii. V\u011bdeck\u00e1 obec se v\u0161ak sp\u00ed\u0161e obrac\u00ed k Arnoliu de Cambiu, kter\u00fd v roce 1291 vy\u0159ezal d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 so\u0161ky je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka, Josefa, Marie, t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f a zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tek na zak\u00e1zku pro chr\u00e1m Santa Maria Maggionare. V […]","datePublished":"2018-06-04","dateModified":"2023-05-24","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bbe1b3bd68cf5b616cc697a459b86e3be4df6c120806baf939f8aad94b0a3d6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9bbe1b3bd68cf5b616cc697a459b86e3be4df6c120806baf939f8aad94b0a3d6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"mpzp.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a320127_w2058_t1531380328.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a320127_w2058_t1531380328.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/tradice-drevenych-betlemu-je-stara-vice-nez-700-let\/","wordCount":557,"articleBody":" Prvn\u00ed betl\u00e9m spat\u0159il sv\u011btlo sv\u011bta podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch domn\u011bnek v roce 1223, vystav\u011bl jej \u00fadajn\u011b Franti\u0161ek z Asisi nedaleko m\u011bsta Greccio ve st\u0159edn\u00ed It\u00e1lii. V\u011bdeck\u00e1 obec se v\u0161ak sp\u00ed\u0161e obrac\u00ed k Arnoliu de Cambiu, kter\u00fd v roce 1291 vy\u0159ezal d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 so\u0161ky je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ka, Josefa, Marie, t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f a zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tek na zak\u00e1zku pro chr\u00e1m Santa Maria Maggionare. V \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch se v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed betl\u00e9m objevil a\u017e o t\u0159i sta let pozd\u011bji. Renesance a barok \u2013 snaha o n\u00e1vrat reformovan\u00fdch obyvatel ke katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi V zem\u00edch \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, jsou poprv\u00e9 betl\u00e9my p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1ny a\u017e v polovin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed. V roce 1560 byly poprv\u00e9 vystaveny v M\u011bst\u011b pra\u017esk\u00e9m v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed jesli\u010dky v cel\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Vytvo\u0159ili je \u010dlenov\u00e9 jezuitsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du Tovary\u0161stva Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova. A \u017ee se tento po\u010din uskute\u010dnil pr\u00e1v\u011b v Praze, nebylo n\u00e1hodn\u00e9, mus\u00edme si toti\u017e uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee doba ran\u00e9 renesance byla pom\u011brn\u011b neklidn\u00e1, pln\u00e1 protireforma\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed ze strany katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve, kter\u00e1 musela znovu pos\u00edlit sv\u016fj vliv. Doba renesance p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela zm\u011bnu v poj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry v Boha a v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatel \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bla k protestantsk\u00fdm v\u011btv\u00edm. Prvn\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00fd betl\u00e9m m\u011bl tedy \u201eztracen\u00e9 ove\u010dky\u201c op\u011bt p\u0159il\u00e1kat do \u0159ad katol\u00edk\u016f, ov\u0161em nez\u016fstal jedin\u00fd. Budovali je \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159i katolick\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f karmelit\u00e1nek, dominik\u00e1n\u016f a franti\u0161k\u00e1n\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vlivu doc\u00edlily d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky mezi prost\u00fdm lidem v dob\u011b vrcholn\u00e9ho baroka. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 obdob\u00ed za vl\u00e1dy Marie Terezie a n\u00e1sledn\u00edka tr\u016fnu Josefa II. C\u00edsa\u0159ovna Marie Terezie v roce 1751 vydala z\u00e1kaz p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed tzv. v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch her a betl\u00e9m\u016f. Byl to dekret platn\u00fd a\u017e do jej\u00ed smrti a n\u00e1sledn\u00edk tr\u016fnu Josef II. tento dekret obnovil. Sou\u010dasn\u011b s t\u00edm byla zru\u0161ena \u0159ada kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch poutn\u00edch m\u00edst. Lid\u00e9 v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy obch\u00e1zeli, ostatn\u011b, jako je tomu u v\u0161ech nesmysln\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch pohlav\u00e1r\u016f, co\u017e plat\u00ed i dodnes. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se produkce betl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159esunula do dom\u00e1c\u00edch d\u00edlen , nechali si je na zak\u00e1zku zhotovit p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bohat\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, skon\u010dila pouze ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed v\u00fdroba a za\u010dalo obdob\u00ed lidov\u00e9 tvorby. Po\u010d\u00e1tek lidov\u00e9 tvorby p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v dob\u011b rokoka a emp\u00edru Ryze k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd podtext m\u00edrn\u011b ustoupil do pozad\u00ed sv\u011btsk\u00fdm drobnostem, kter\u00fdmi betl\u00e9my obda\u0159ili lidov\u00ed \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159i, nebyli tu u\u017e pouze past\u00fd\u0159i, koledn\u00edci a obdarovatel\u00e9, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 pohybliv\u00e9 figurky se rozrostly o r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u0159emesla. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed ji\u017e byly figurky podstatn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed, bylo jich pom\u011brn\u011b hodn\u011b, a za\u010daly se vyr\u00e1b\u011bt nejen ze d\u0159eva, ale i z pap\u00edru, z vosku, z t\u011bsta, z hl\u00edny, ze sl\u00e1my, a z textilie.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.6\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Tradice d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch betl\u00e9m\u016f je star\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 let","item":"https:\/\/www.mpzp.cz\/tradice-drevenych-betlemu-je-stara-vice-nez-700-let\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]